《植物生理学报》 2017, 53(11): 1997-2006

交替滴灌对日光温室黄瓜光合作用及抗氧化酶活性的影响

张文东¹, 赵志成¹, 李曼¹, 崔青青¹, 艾希珍^1,2, 刘彬彬^2,*, 李清明^1,2,3,*

¹山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院, ²作物生物学国家重点实验室, ³农业部黄淮海设施农业工程科学观测实验站, 山东泰安271018

通信作者：刘彬彬；E-mail: lbroom@163.com; gslqm@sdau.edu.cn

摘　要：

以‘津优3号’黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)为研究对象, 采用完全随机区组设计, 研究了交替滴灌、分根滴灌和对照3种滴灌方式对日光温室黄瓜光合作用及抗氧化酶活性的影响, 结果表明: (1)交替滴灌可以显著降低黄瓜的株高和叶面积, 显著提高黄瓜根系的活力, 但黄瓜产量并未显著降低。(2)与对照相比, 虽然交替滴灌下黄瓜叶片的叶绿素含量显著下降, 但叶绿素a/b值没有差异, 交替滴灌黄瓜叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)和蒸腾速率(T_r)均显著低于对照, 但显著高于分根滴灌; 与对照相比, 交替滴灌和分根滴灌下黄瓜叶片中光系统II (PSII)非光化学淬灭(NPQ)上升显著。(3)交替滴灌显著提高黄瓜叶片的可溶性蛋白含量, 丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于分根滴灌, 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于对照。综上诉述, 交替滴灌能有效抑制黄瓜植株冗余生长, 提高黄瓜根系活力, 降低蒸腾耗水。交替滴灌通过提高黄瓜叶片可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性、降低MDA含量来减轻膜脂过氧化作用, 是其节水耐旱的重要机理之一。交替滴灌可作为日光温室黄瓜节水高效栽培的灌溉模式。

关键词：交替滴灌; 黄瓜; 光合作用; 抗氧化酶活性

收稿：2017-05-22   修定：2017-09-22

资助：国家自然科学基金(31471918)、山东省自然科学基金(ZR2013CM008)和山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(鲁财农指[2016]36号)。

Effect of alternate drip irrigation on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumber in solar greenhouse

ZHANG Wen-Dong¹, ZHAO Zhi-Cheng¹, LI Man¹, CUI Qing-Qing¹, AI Xi-Zhen^1,2, LIU Bin-Bin^2,*, LI Qing-Ming^1,2,3,*

¹College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University; ²State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; ³Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Environment-Controlled Agricultural Engineering in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Taian, Shandong 271018, China

Corresponding author: LIU Bin-Bin; E-mail: lbroom@163.com; gslqm@sdau.edu.cn

Abstract:

Effect of alternate drip irrigation (ADI), partial root-zone drip irrigation (PDI) and conventional irrigation (CK) on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) ‘Jinyou No.3’ in greenhouse were investigated using completely randomized block design. The results show that: (1) ADI significantly reduced the plant height and leaf area, while improved the root activity of cucumber, and cucumber yield did not decrease significantly. (2) The chlorophyll content of cucumber leaves under ADI was significantly lower than that of CK, but chlorophyll a/b was not significantly decreased; the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) and transpiration rate (T_r) of cucumber leaves under ADI were significantly lower than those of CK, but significantly higher than those under PDI; the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of photosystem II in cucumber leaves under ADI and PDI significantly increased. (3) The soluble protein content in cucumber leaves under ADI was significantly higher than that of other treatments, malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly lower than that under PDI, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly higher than that of CK. Therefore, ADI treatment can effectively inhibit the excessive growth of cucumber plants, increase the root activity and reduce the water consumption, as well as the content of soluble protein and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and reduce the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is one of the important mechanisms of drought tolerant and water saving for ADI. Therefore, ADI treatment can be used as a water-saving irrigation pattern for cucumber cultivation in solar greenhouse.

Key words: alternate drip irrigation; cucumber; photosynthesis; antioxidant enzyme activity